SIS 5 Essays (322 words) - Music, Electronic Dance Music

Siddarth Luthra Sister 5 Character Count:1,644 Starting at now I have one and only one objective after secondary school. I need to join my interests into something I can get by off of. I am a fanatic of music, being a DJ, and I love anything STEM related. I have been DJing for a long time, I play the piano, trombone, drum set. I likewise manufacture PC's, 3D printers, code, and I am a piece of an opposition called Technology Student Association (TSA). While building machines and robots, I figured out how to investigate and fix issues and improved schematics given to construct the machine. In TSA I have been a piece of a gathering and demonstrated administration giving errands and ensuring everybody in my grop is doing what they should. My good example is a man that passes by the moniker DJ Enferno. DJ Enferno does what I need to do, he utilizes his STEM information to manufacture DJ controllers, blenders, and turntables to use for himself. He makes his own product, and utilizations others to make music. He programs MIDI controlle rs and utilizations everything to DJ and gets by off of it. My inspiration is seeing DJ Enferno perform, visiting with superstars and significantly more. I need to utilize my energy of music and innovation to make music and innovation that produces music. I feel like a STEM school would profit me in light of the fact that the STEM situated network of students will assist me with arriving at my objective by showing me how to would what I like to do with my life. A STEM arranged network will show me the way that I need to be and will assist me with figuring out how to make capable programming, assemble machines that produce music like DJ blenders and launchpads, and put me on a way that will take me to the spots I need to go in this way called life

Management Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The executives Research Project - Assignment Example Garman (2010). In their examination, they expound protection from organisational change and its effect. Also, Lloyd C. Harris, Andrew Crand (2002), Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Arjen, Slangen, Marco van Herpen (2002), and Bernard Burnes (1996) have all led examine on organisational change, inspiration, and data correspondence technology. (b) Change and its effect on employees’ inspiration are unavoidable. As of late, numerous elements have impacted the hierarchical condition and culture. Thusly, this effect has emphatically and contrarily influenced the employees’ inspiration. Be that as it may, for associations, it is exceptionally basic to give amicable condition to representatives as this will empower them to hold their degree of inspiration which will persuade and guide them to accomplish their activity related objectives and destinations. In any case, inspiration is characterized as a power empowering somebody to work in a predefined bearing for getting a specific hierarchical targets (Mills et al., 2007). In a similar setting, both inherent and extraneous inspiration has been isolated as both have various sorts of effects and advantages offered by associations. For instance, inherent inspiration is accomplishing something for the wellbeing of one’s own (Jacobs, 1993). Then again, extraneous inspiration is remotely given motivating force in which a worker is offered an impetus or prize for finishing certain objectives. The field of data correspondence innovation (ICT) encounters a greater number of impacts of changes than some other fields and it faces both positive and negative effects of progress for various reasons. For instance, each day new headways, virtual products, strategies, and procedures are being imagined and the recurrence of these progressions is quick to the point that new form is not really actualized and the most recent variant is created. In such manner, Iyanda and Ojo (2008) completed investigation over the effect of embracing new ICT on the inspiration of representatives in the Botswana associations;

Organic Anion Transporters Essay -- Biology

The primary area of the protein natural anion transporter 3 is in the kidney and the capacity of the kidney is to get poisons, as a rule as natural anions, or even prescriptions out of the body. So as to separate and transport these poisons through the blood to the kidney, explicit proteins called natural anion transporters (OAT) exist. The sole capacity of these proteins is to tie to these particles and take them to the kidney where they can be isolated from the blood and discharged. The manner in which these proteins work is that they have a profoundly explicit dynamic site (or restricting site) which has one of a kind properties that make it inclined to connecting to different natural anions. To more readily comprehend the job of OAT 3, a particular OAT protein which is available in the choroid plexus (spinal liquid) and the kidney, an analysis was directed in which this protein was expelled from rodents by trading the DNA code for OAT 3 with a comparative, yet not utilitarian code. These OAT 3 knockout rodents demonstrated a failure to move certain natural anions including poisons, hormones, and medications. Strategies Strategies: 1. Disengagement of the OAT3 Gene 2. Examination of changes in tissues of the wild kind and OAT3 type 3. Northern Analysis 4. RT-PCR 5. Techniques for Measuring Transport 6. Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy 1. Separation of OAT3 quality: The system utilized here was a cancellation of exon 3. An exon is a bit of a DNA particle that codes for part of a polypeptide, which gets communicated. So the erasure of this specific exon caused a casing shift change and an untimely stop codon to be gotten. This equitable implies that the flag-bearer RNA (mRNA) that is deciphered from the quality gets interpreted regularly until the ribosome co... ...family will permit people to additionally grow the viability of medication treatment. To start with, on the off chance that the natural anion transport framework could be obstructed, certain drugs at that point would remain in the framework longer that would some way or another have been discharged. This would take into account increasingly successful and shorter treatment. Second, not every person has a similar measure of natural anion transporters in their framework, therefore by genotyping a patient and finding the measure of the transporters present in the individual, a customized medicate regiment could be formulated , making it progressively successful for the person. Third, by recognizing the anion moved by every (OAT 1-4), certain poisons could be moved out of the framework a lot quicker and forestall less harm of specific poisons to the framework. By modifying the measures of the OAT family present specialists could accelerate the recuperation procedure.

Waiting for the Bus free essay sample

The previous summer, I got myself  ­sitting on a lounge chair inverse a 38-year-old Filipino man named Peter who possessed an aroma like stale fish, earth, and a fantasy conceded. â€Å"Where are you from?† I inquired. â€Å"Here.† â€Å"What made you homeless?† â€Å"I need my green card.† â€Å"Where do you remain and get food?† â€Å"I need my green card. I need †¦ my green card. I go clean the shopping center. I make arrangements for the future.† I later found, by conversing with the soup kitchen staff, that Peter is intellectually impaired. He moved to the U.S. at the point when he was five, however he despite everything had a highlight. He presumably as of now had his citizenship. This was a capricious method to investigate a social theme. My best friend’s mother was the administrator at a destitute safe house, and their raising support occasion was coming up. My companion was a film major at our school, and I was a performance center major, so we pooled our abilities and made a narrative about the reasons for vagrancy and how the sanctuary had helped many discover directing, food, safe house, and showers. We will compose a custom article test on Sitting tight for the Bus or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I talked with; she shot. It immediately became clear that  ­Peter wasn’t the main vagrant with apparently unconquerable issues. There was Don, a 58-year-old expert alcoholic who had been in and out of recovery and prison a large portion of his life. He was a beautiful narrator †he reviewed in distinctive detail being there the first run through Ozzy Osbourne bit off a bat’s head. A weed stem was inked on his arm. At the point when he was 15, his companion began to ink the tattoo, yet Don chose to stop part of the way through the procedure †a proper analogy for his life. Each time he went into recovery, each time it looked as though he had discovered stable job, he quit part of the way through. At that point there was the lady essentially known as the Bag Lady. A suspicious schizophrenic, she had amassed a  ­collection of garbage and kept it in a basic food item truck, never letting it out of her sight. She went through her days sitting tight for a transport that never came; she would examine every one that passed her stop, perpetually concluding it was an inappropriate one. She kept all her garments layered on her body, in any event, during the harshly blistering and damp Georgia summers. At some point, she uniquely attempted to take off her garments to wash up at the  ­shelter. She couldn’t. Sweat and earth had put them to her body, and my friend’s mother needed to scam them her. She became crazy when we requested to talk with her. As I helped set up the camera in the cafeteria to dish over the room, I became overpowered watching everybody. Diminish appealed to God for his green card. Wear showed the tattoo that was rarely finished. The Bag Lady gazed out the window at her stop with the expectation that her transport would at long last show up. I could just think about that fantasy conceded. My examinations in vagrancy proceeded with long after the camera quit rolling. I  ­conducted more meetings, this time for myself. A large portion of these individuals were tossed onto the lanes on the grounds that a  ­unexpected obligation had overturned their  ­already unstable check to-check presence, or on the grounds that they were addicts who had never discovered satisfactory restoration, or in light of the fact that they had a dysfunctional behavior. Understanding the delicacy of the line that isolates â€Å"person† from â€Å"homeless person† has helped me treat everybody with empathy. Rather than addressing the destitute on not utilizing government assistance to purchase medications or embracing my handbag as I speed by a recreation center seat, I set aside effort to hear them out. This experience likewise helped when I worked for the Obama crusade. I enlisted a greater number of individuals to cast a ballot in one day than most understudies did in seven days, since I moved toward the individuals lying on park seats, the ex-criminals and vagrants who didn’t realize that they could cast a ballot in Georgia. One man cried as he rounded out the enrollment structure; the State of Georgia had taken his vote from him 20 years back. From that point forward, the Savannah crusade held drives at all the destitute asylums. Finding out about the situation of vagrants has made my reality somewhat more delightful. I took in the distinction between a mandolin and a guitar from a road artist named Guitar Bob. I found out about the historical backdrop of metal  ­music from Don. Al showed me how to weave a rose out of palm tree leaves. In particular, I discovered that these individuals are not government assistance leeches, medicate abusers, or society’s burden to endure. Vagrants have explicit issues that aren’t difficult to oversee, and with a small portion of exertion and  ­ingenuity, maybe one day their transport will at last come.

Attended the 148th Commencement

Attended the 148th Commencement Hi. Im in Reno, Nevada, right now with my grandparents visiting my uncle. And although I am 2,880 miles away from MIT, I still attended the 148th Commencement (mainly through the live feed and Instagram). Last years commencement was great but ultimately felt distant because I didnt know any seniors. This year, however, I knew tons of seniors, so there were plenty of people I could root for as they walked down the aisle proudly holding their diplomas for the rest of the undergrads to envy. The commencement speeches started 9:45 EST and, being three time zones away, I had to throw myself out of bed by 6:45 am. But on the plus side, I got to kick back on a couch sipping on an ice tea while browsing Reddit during the boring parts. I bet the sun was beaming down real hard, wasnt it?:P When President Reif came up to speak, Im sure more than half of us knew what to expect. After all, it must be had to shake things up when you have to consistently give a speech at every Commencement. But Reif managed to shock us yet again. Before starting, he turned around and took a selfie with Anika Gupta, senior class president, essentially but-first-let-me-take-a-selfieing the entire commencement.     Ellen Kullman, the first woman CEO and current CEO of DuPont, was the main speaker for the 148th Commencement. Early on the speech she laid down a fact that would make any MITian proud, that if all the active companies founded by MIT graduates would get together and form a country, it would be the 38th economically richest country in the world, a statistic thats posted on the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurships website. She also won over everyones favor when said her favorite company was Stark Industries (ok, well, atleast my favor). MITs Commencement speeches are always some of my favorites because the speaker usually boils down their entire speech to three key words that seemingly have nothing to do with inspirational words. Last years commencement speaker Drew Houston told the Class of 2013 that he was going to talk about three things he drew on a piece of a paper: a tennis ball, a circle, and the number 30,000. The tennis ball representing how we naturally adopt a state of obsession over solving an important problem like that of a dog relentessly chasing a tennis ball with all its might. The circle represented cultivating a circle of people around you to help you grow. The 30,000 were that there are only 30,000 days in the average lifetime. This year, Ellen Kullman told the Class of 2014 to use the elements of heat, light, and water to transform their lives. The heat is intensity equating to the drive of the entrepreneurial spirit. The light is the willingness view things from different angles and in different lights, also being willing to admit being wrong. The water represented the resources and investments that nurture and grow, some being external resources and investments, but Kullman made clear that the most vital ones were the ones you made in yourself. So remember this grammatically laudable sentence that combines the wisdom of two great CEOs: Tennis ball circle 30,000 heat light water.

How to Use Financial Aid Leveraging When Deciding Where to Enroll

How Selective Schools Determine Financial Aid and Why Some Students Should Ask for More Aid if Needed Guest Post by Master Admissions Counselor, Nat If you are one of my beloved students that I work with individually, you are very familiar with my enrollment management style of counseling. I’ve presented my hypothetical â€Å"rubric† model to you, that I first shared over eight years ago at a college fair night at a public NYC high school to rave reviews. My students are familiar with institutional priorities and how classes are assembled. However, one of the things that I don’t often get to talk about with most of my students is financial aid. I’m excited to talk more the financial aid process and specifically, financial aid leveraging. To fully understand this, I’ll have to share some background information about the rubric that I show my students (and hope to share more with you in the future). The Reading Rubric The basis of the rubric is that there is a hierarchal rating score that every applicant receives. Let’s just say that the scale is out of 24, and an applicant scoring a 24 would have scored a perfect score in the rubric (which doesn’t necessarily mean that this applicant is the most desirable but that’s another blog post). A student scoring a 17 in the review rubric may also be deemed admissible, but they are not as â€Å"qualitatively strong† on paper. Also consider that a 24-rated applicant may also have positive decision letters from other schools, but a 17-rated applicant may not have as many comparable options in terms of selectivity. The yield on a 24-rated applicant is lower. We, as an institution, are less likely to enroll that student. Conversely, a 17-rated applicant is likely to attend if admitted because we may be their best bet. Although review rubrics are different everywhere, this same 17-rated applicant in our pool might be a 24-rated applicant in another pool (if they have done their college search correctly). How the Rubric is Used for Financial Aid Now, let’s talk about some of the language that surrounds financial aid. We often hear schools say â€Å"we meet 100% of demonstrated need.† Well, this can mean many different things. Let’s say applicant Y qualifies for $45,000 of financial aid. A college or university can meet 100% of this student's need by giving him or her a $45,000 grant (money you don’t have to pay back), or they can also give the student $45,000 of loans (money you do have to pay back) and technically meet 100% of that student's need. This is where financial aid leveraging comes in. What will happen most of the time* is the student scoring a 24 in the review rubric will get more grant aid and less loan. In many cases, they may get all grant and a merit scholarship (on top of that) in order to entice them to attend the school. A 24-rated applicant will bring his or her high standardized test scores and high GPA (which are big reasons why they scored a 24 in the rubric in the first place) to our school. We want this student to enroll, so we will give him or her the best financial aid package we can. We’ll still meet 100% of the lower rated applicant’s need, but we’ll do that with more loans and less grant. Now, there will be some lower rated applicants that we will want to attend just as much as we want our 24-rated applicants because they meet institutional priorities (athletic recruits, diversity, special majors and programs, etc.), so schools may break this algorithm and aid them at a better rate. This creative packaging is a part of what I will discuss below. Financial Aid Leveraging When I was a young admissions officer, I found myself telling students over and over that if you are accepted, we will meet 100% of your financial need. What I didn’t know in my first few years is that could mean a number of different things to each student depending on what they scored in our rubric and what the financial aid algorithm was going to be that particular year. My job as an admissions counselor was to share my experiences and counsel prospective applicants the best way possible. I loved working for the institution and I counseled to the best of my abilities, and to the best of what I was taught and knew. Now that I have been in the profession for a number of years, I’ve come to understand the business of this much more and I’m able to to counsel students with my understanding of this business, meaning I would tell them to approach the schools they are considering and engage in a conversation about whether or not more financial aid is available. The answer may be that that is the best package available, but my students will not know that until they ask! Why is it okay for institutions of higher education to plan, strategize and use financial aid leveraging during the admissions process, but it's not okay for students to do the same? So, I’ll say it again: I would unequivocally tell my students to engage with the financial aid office in every single case where money is an issue for them to attend. This has nothing to do with privilege, but more to do with cultural capital (and I acknowledge that the two are related). I want to empower my students to learn how to advocate for themselves, and there are many opportunities to teach that after their college applications have been submitted. If you were admitted to your first choice school but received better financial aid packages from other schools (which makes sense if you understand the rubric and financial aid leveraging), I do recommend you call your first choice school and let them know that you would like to attend but you got a better financial aid package from school Y. Share school Y’s package to see what school X can do in your case! *There are a few institutions with such a commitment to financial aid that loans are not a part of their financial aid packages to accepted students.

Keith Ward - ThoughtCo

Rome The Capital City Of Italy Essay - 944 Words

Rome is the capital city of Italy, situated in the central-western Italian Peninsula. The historical context of Rome begins at around 753 B.C.E. Rome s initial relocation was in a portion of different early ethnicities, such as, Etruscans, Latins, and Sabines, eventually populating the city as the capital of the Roman Monarchy, Republic, and Empire. For around 244 years, Rome was represented by a monarchy. Over the 244 year time span, â€Å"there were seven rulers to control the kingdom, in sequential order: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tulles, and Tarquinius Superbus. Tarquinius Superbus was nullified from the throne in 509 B.C.E., and Rome turned into an oligarchic republic† (history.com). Amid the republic, Rome encountered a period of civil war between the wealthy and the poor. After a centralized armed force was set up, the city battled against numerous states for the sole purpose of growing its regional standard. Amid the second half of the century, a civil war came to fruition between military officers Gaius Marius and Sulla, which likewise incited the making of the political collusion between Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great, known as the First Triumvirate. In the wake of acquiring military radiance in Spain, Caesar came back to Rome to strive for the consulship in 59 B.C. From his collusion with Pompey and Crassus, Caesar got the governorship of three affluent territories in GaulShow MoreRelatedFinding a Little Bit More about Italy1031 Words   |  4 Pagesin Italy, I decided to find out a little more about it. One of the first things I would like to find out is some basic information about the country. Another thing I would like to find out is what happened in Italy’s history. Furthermore, it would also be interesting to learn about the country’s current leader. Information about the capital city is another thing that I want to discover about Italy. In addition, I would like to find out about popular attractions that are located in Italy. FinallyRead MoreAdministration of Roman Empire During Augustus Reign835 Words   |  4 PagesAdministration of the Empire Much chaos surrounded Rome with the fall of the Roman Republic. After seizing Egypt, Octavian returned to Rome and became the first emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BCE. â€Å"His restructuring of the senatorial and equestrian orders, and the subsequent emulation between the two, provided the human resources, power dynamics, and incentives necessary for his administration†. It was easier for Augustus to carryout such major changes in administration because there was a universalRead More Early Roman History Essays931 Words   |  4 PagesEarly Roman History As Greece reached the height of its prosperity Rome which lye slightly to the west slowly began its rise as a civilization. The Greeks centered their culture around Art and literature whereas opposed to the Romans who settled their culture upon warfare and leadership. Without planning, would rise very steadily as an empire. Shortly before Christ most of the surrounding cities and nations were at peace under Romes rule. Early Romans kept no written records. Their historyRead MoreHow Rome Became an Empire649 Words   |  3 PagesRome Becoming an Empire: Currently, Rome is the capital city of Italy despite being the centre of the Roman Empire more than 2,000 years ago. According to reports by current historians and archeologists, people were living in Rome long before 753 BC, the legend is considered as one of the most popular in world history. Generally, the Roman Empire included most of what is currently regarded as Western Europe. A Roman lifestyle was established in these countries following the fact that the empireRead MoreThe Unification Of Italy After Unification1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unification of Italy Before Unification Before unification, Italy was made up of several small countries. These separate countries seemed to share a common culture and language. From these similarities many people wanted to unify in nationalism. Napoleon had invaded Italy in 1796, so unification was not possible until he was defeated in 1814. A map of Italy before Unification. After Napoleon’s downfall Italy was made up of: Kingdom of two Sicilies, The Papal states, the Austrian empireRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears1511 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped today they all had to do something to get to where they are today. Italy is one of the most influential countries today. This where Christianity, Mythology, and also it was were the Olympics started. With all these great things coming out of Italy, a lot of tragic things started in Italy. One of those things slave fightings, these fighters are commonly known as Gladiators. These fights were a very big thing during early Italy. This one the number one way on entertainment at this time. The barbaricRead MoreThe History of the Byzantine Empire Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesEmpire with its capital in Constantinople. Early on Emperor Constantine sought to keep the two united but as the fifth and sixth centuries rolled around they each had gone their separate ways. With chaos in the west, the east thrived aft er the west fell under Germanic tribes and the east later became known as the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire lasted from 330-1453 a thousand years longer than the Western Roman Empire. Due to the placement of the Byzantine Empire and its capital, this empireRead MoreItaly: Top Touristic Destination1249 Words   |  5 Pagesvacation is Italy. It’s known for its history, attractions, food and language. Italy is a Mediterranean country in the south of Europe. It’s also divided into 20 regions. Italy is the fourth largest tourism, fifth most visited country. It has many mountains and has few plains. Therefore it is similar to the dessert, hot and dry. The Italian flag has three colors Red, White, Green. Each one has a meaning. The Green Represents hope, White is faith and red represents charity. Italy capital is Rome, locatedRead MoreNapoleon s Reign Over Italy1101 Words   |  5 Pages Italy, as it is known today, has been in existence for less than one hundred fifty years. For several centuries, Italy had been made up of separate states often ruled by foreign powers. In 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered the Italian peninsula. After falling under French rule, the peninsula was divided into three parts: several northern states, which were annexed to France, the Kingdom of Italy, of which Napoleon declared himself king in 1805, and the Kingdom of Naples in the southRead MoreThe Real History Behind Rome: Julius Caesar Essay815 Words   |  4 Pages Rome, the subject of this report is Rome. The (completely wacko made-up) legend says that Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of Mars, the god of war. Supposedly some king tossed them into a basket, chucked them into the Tiber River, and left them to die a good old-fashioned baby-river-drowning-death. Apparently this never happened because they were rescued by a she-wolf and raised as one of her own. Eventually Romulus and Remus decided to ice that king and overthrow the kingdom

Business Plan for an Aviation Company - 12429 Words

1. Company’s profile JetStream Aero Services (JAS) is a newly set up aerospace company dedicated to providing small aircraft modification, assembly and maintenance services in South East Asia. JAS will have its first maintenance plant at Seletar Airport (Singapore) and aimed to start operations by 2010. Singapore is chosen due to its strategic location and it is a major hub in aerospace maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) in Asia Pacific. As JAS is relatively a new company, the management aims to enter the South East Asia market by focusing on small business aircrafts in the first few years of operations. Other areas would be looked into further once JAS has established its brand name and services. JAS is also proud to be†¦show more content†¦Teamwork * Teamwork helps the company work in a more efficient manner and reducing any chances of miscommunications between different departments * Monthly gatherings shall be organized by the management to foster greater relationship and cohesiveness of the entire company 2. Company’s products and services Seletar Airport is chosen as the main location for JAS main headquarters and maintenance plant. The total land space available is roughly two hectares in size and would be sufficient to house a decent aircraft hangar and office space. Within the airport itself, an existing runway (03/21) with a distance of 1,592 meters long and 46 meters wide would be available to carry out test flights conveniently. Though JAS primary provides MRO services such as maintenance and repair for a wide range of small business aircrafts, its main focus shall be the manufacturing, assembling and sale of the Diamond DA42 twin star aircraft. Sales target are set at three of this business jet per month from the start of JAS operations. JAS new single engine trainer aircraft, JetStream Flyer would begin its design phase concurrently from the start of operations and set to be in operations and delivered by year 2011. Its target sales potential would be at least of five aircrafts per month from year 2013 onwards. To further enhance JAS services to customers, the in-house engineers would provide aircraft maintenance advice and workshops for customers.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Strategies871 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing strategy is the plan of an organization to market its product. A good marketing strategy enables the organization to get the best marketing results and help it sustain its marketing advantage by using limited amount of resource. This report is the comparison of marketing strategies of three different companies. Lansing Aviation Lansing Aviation is a private company which provides aircrafts on rental to individuals and to flight training. It provides aviation consultancy at corporateRead MoreImportance Of Hr And Their Role Of Aviation Industry1511 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of HR and their Role in aviation industry Department of Aviation, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL Bipin Patel bipinnpatel@lewisu.edu +12247701888 Abstract Today, Human Resource Management has become a vital part of industries. They play a significant role in all industry. This paper will describe about the Human Resource Management (HRM) and how important to have HRM in industry and the role played by it, in various companies around the globe to make it successful. HRM isRead MoreGeneral Aviation Manufacturing : A Long Road Full Of Success1229 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Aviation Manufacturing has been a long road full of success from the Wright Brothers, to current times. It has been helpful in the growth of the economy. General Aviation is defined as all aviation other than military and commercial airlines. â€Å"General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to corporate jet flights. The majority of the world’s air traffic falls into this category, and most of the world’s airports serve general aviation exclusively† (General Aviation). TheRead MoreLogistics Of The Aviation Industry Ess ay1442 Words   |  6 PagesLogistics in the aviation industry is not limited to just airplane sales, production operations at the factory level, or parts distribution. It goes beyond to include pre-sale processes, storage, returns management, disposal of excessive inventory, and other supply chain concerns. Reverse logistics defines the course of moving products from end users to manufacturers for recapturing value or desirable disposal. In the aviation industry, a three-step reverse logistics approach may entail customerRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Company Case Analysis739 Words   |  3 Pages Southwest Airlines Company Team B Kyle Forbes Cheryl Kessler Adam Paquette Nina Scarpino Louie E. Watson BADM364-Global Issues Mount Washington College July 29, 2014 Abstract Cheryl Kessler Research topic: Southwest Airlines Company is looking to establish a global presence in either Vietnam or Spain. This research paper is to help analyze both countries and to determine which of the two countries Southwest Airlines Company should enter. The second purpose of this researchRead MoreResearch1242 Words   |  5 Pagesprivilege to provide recommendations to your company, BluJay Aviation. The industry professionals here at Full Throttle Consulting have years of combined expertise in aviation specific business challenges and individual specializations that give you exactly the acumen you require. We can help your business turn value out of operating models, realize growth ambitions, and gain insights that translate into competitive advantages. We will provide BluJay Aviation with neutral and unbiased assessments andRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Labor Relations951 Words   |  4 PagesRelations in the Aviation and Transportation Course number: 47-506-01-FA15 Human resource management in Aviation:Recruting and selection. Abstract The commercial aviation industry is safety-sensitive, high technology and extremely competitive service industry. The implications are vast and pervasive affecting no less than the organisation’s strategy, culture, and numerous operational activities. Responsibilities of human resources departments within aviation organisationsRead MoreEvaluation of the Planning, Building and Operation of the MRO Aircraft Facilty1231 Words   |  5 PagesThis report is designed to evaluate the planning, building and operation of a new aircraft MRO facility in the UK, opening for business in during 2014. Helicopter Technical Services UK – known as HeliTECH - aims to be European market leader of rotary-winged aircraft maintenance, specialising in heavy maintenance of European built helicopter types, including the full range of Airbus Helicopter AgustaWestland types. Based at Newquay Cornwall Airport, HeliTECH is ideally located for the servicingRead MoreThe Current Global Economic Crisis Would Change the Face of the Aviation Industry as We Know It Today- Is There Truth in the Statement?1029 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION TO CIVIL AVIATION Lucas Lee Executive Summary The current global economic crisis has changed the way aviation industry goes about its business. It has brought about a boom in low-cost carriers, which has made travelling by air cheaper for the masses. Services offered by airlines and airports are also of higher standards to make people want to travel by air. The economic downturn has seen a significant drop of investments in the aviation market. Airport ground handlers and

Media Propaganda - 9887 Words

Media propaganda Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. Propaganda can be used as a form of political warfare. While the term propaganda has acquired a strongly negative†¦show more content†¦The Creel Commission provided themes for speeches by four-minute men at public functions, and also encouraged censorship of the American press. The Commission was so unpopular that after the war, Congress closed it down without providing funding to organize and archive its papers. The war propaganda campaign of Lippmann and Bernays produced within six months such an intense anti-German hysteria as to permanently impress American business (and Adolf Hitler, among others) with the potential of large-scale propaganda to control public opinion. Bernays coined the terms group mind and engineering consent, important concepts in practical propaganda work. The file Century of the Self by Adam Curtis documents the immense influence of these ideas on public relations and politics throughout the last century. The current public relations industry is a direct outgrowth of Lippmanns and Bernays work and is still used extensively by the United States government. For the first half of the 20th century Bernays and Lippmann themselves ran a very successful public relations firm. World saw continued use of propaganda as a weapon of war, both by Hitlers propagandist Joseph Goebbels and the British Political Warfare Executive, as well as the United States Office of War Information. In the early 2000s, the United States government developedShow MoreRelatedPropaganda and Persuasion Casted in the Media1216 Words   |  5 Pages Propaganda is performed through print, audio, and visual mass media. It is used for the promotion of the public’s activities in their life such as purchasing goods through market propaganda, and it is also found in politics, foreign affairs, and in many other fields. Most importantly propaganda is depicted in the informercialization of the news, which is connected with subliminal advertising and commercialization of public events and individual promotion such in communication websites. However,Read MoreMedia s Influence On Domestic Propaganda987 Words   |  4 PagesAs of 2013 the US government ended it s long time ban on domestic propaganda. (RT) However, has propaganda ever stopped? And, is this just an aggressive attempt to increase the already overwhelming amount of propaganda already swelling within the media? Many sources point out that the mainstream media has always been a source of propaganda, the tool used to persuade and guide the public in making their opinions an d decisions on important issues. Personally, I m also concerned that it distractsRead More The Media as Conduit for Political Propaganda Essay657 Words   |  3 PagesThe Media as Conduit for Political Propaganda According to the latest polls, 90% of Americans favor military retaliation for the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Taking into consideration that all aggregate data is used for self-serving means, this number is still exceptionally large. The numbers are manufactured by propaganda vehicles, or rather the mainstream media. In a sort of Orwellian fashion, the media bombards the audience with images, voices, and memoirs of death, griefRead MorePropaganda in American Media Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesPropaganda in American Media One of the greatest revolutions in the twentieth century was not political in nature, however, it aided in many different political revolutions. This revolution was the communications revolution. The twentieth century has experienced one of the greatest changes in means of communication including technologies such as radio, motion pictures, the Internet, advanced communications and most importantly the television. Sadly, political leaders and the government to convinceRead MoreEssay on Media Propaganda and Stereotypes1645 Words   |  7 Pagesinto stereotypes and the propaganda that is being fed by the government and the media. Stereotypes steer individuals perceptions of a group of people in a certain way, usually negative, and generalize that opinion to all members of the group. Aware of the influence stereotypes have on peoples views, governments use stereotypes already imbedded in society as a propaganda tactic to persuade peoples thoughts, opinions and beliefs in order to be nefit their cause. The media was used for disseminatingRead MoreEvaluating the Propaganda Model of the Media1416 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ‘propaganda model’ or the ‘political economy model’ for the study of media power. The Chomsky-Herman propaganda model, at its core, asserts that â€Å"elite media determine what topics, issues and events are to be considered ‘newsworthy’ by lower-tier media†¦ in order to serve the interests of dominant, elite groups [in society]† (Klaehn 2005, p. 2). Most assertions of this theory are relevant for today’s mediascape, though by and large the propaganda model holds a prejudiced view of media ownershipRead MoreUse Of Social Media As Propaganda1679 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom a landline telephone (if available). Today, social media has created several outlet for individuals across the globe to communicate. Sites like YouTube, Google+, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow users to communicate with each other without having to be physically present. If you are an owner of a smart phone then you are able to message, share photos, and video chat from the palm of your hand. Besides friends using social media to connect with other friends or families keeping in touchRead MoreGenocide and the Propaganda Media Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cleansing of a race or ethnicity in a country. There has been evidence that this phrase can be used to describe past and present day massacres being committed around the world and how media has changed its perception on this issue overtime. Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people... Propaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea. ( Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1926). During Adolf Hitler’s time, the Jews inRead More Media Propaganda Hides American Terrorism Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Propaganda Hides American Terrorism    An article in this months Stuff magazine for men, titled Die American Scum tells us that the world sucks. It sucks because while Americans have given other countries Mickey Mouse, burgers and gum, won wars for them, kept the peace and disposed of dictators, all we have gotten in return is terrorism. The article, by John Parrish, goes on to discourage Americans from traveling to 10 terrorist countries including Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, ColombiaRead More Stereotypes, Discrimination and Prejudice Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesbooks and magazines, or have had related to us by family and friends. Though all these are equally significant roots for the stimulation of stereotypes, media however, is the giant force. Media propaganda is one of the main functions of society that projects stereotypical opinions or perceptions. One of the most powerful forces, propaganda in the media combined with stereotypes often act together to accomplish a homogenized and often misleading view about society an d its people. Stereotype ? a conventional

Why Music Education Should Be in Schools Free Essays

shoâ€Å"Music majors are the most likely group of college grads to be admitted to medical school. Physician and biologist Lewis Thomas studied the  undergraduate  majors of medical school applicants. He found that 66 percent of music majors who applied to med school were admitted, the highest percentage of any group. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Music Education Should Be in Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now For comparison, (44 percent) of biochemistry majors were admitted. Also, a study of 7,500 university students revealed that music majors scored the highest reading scores among all majors including English, biology, chemistry and math†. Sources: â€Å"The Comparative Academic Abilities of Students in  Education  and in Other Areas of a Multi-focus University,† Peter H. Wood, ERIC Document No. ED327480†³The Case for Music in the Schools,† Phi Delta Kappan, February, 1994 Percentage of Americans who believe: * Music is a part of a well-rounded education 95% * Music is an activity that a child can enjoy all his/her life 98% * Learning a musical instrument helps students perform better in other subjects 92% * Music brings the family together 90% School band is a good way for young people to develop teamwork skills 97% * Schools should offer music as a part of the regular curriculum 93% * Music gives children a sense of accomplishment 95% * Music helps teach children discipline 92% * Music helps instill an appreciation of arts and culture 96% The U. S. spends more money than any other country in the world per student on education yet does not have the numbers to show it. Japan and Netherlands though put requirements on every single student to be a part of music enriching class through most of primary school How to cite Why Music Education Should Be in Schools, Essay examples

Database Normalization and Hotel Reservation Website Sample Essay Example For Students

Database Normalization and Hotel Reservation Website Sample Essay 1 Introduction Technology has transformed many facets of life in this coevals. including the manner many of us make reserves. Traditional ways of reserving through telephones. cellular phones and walk-in can’t header up the with other clients who have a busy agenda that are in demand of faster manner to reserve and pay. In this affair. it is in higher advantage to develop a to the full functional web site which provides on-line reserve. The benefits of such system are as follows: it can derive international exposure and besides be an effectual online booklet that is available to everyone in the universe ; it can besides spread out mark market. taking to increased tenancy degrees. Increase net incomes. remain competitory. command tour selling. 1. Statement of the Problem The Grand Astoria hotel is enduring with slow process on indirect reserves with deficient informations given by the invitee when reserving through phone calls and electronic mails. Besides. it has no confidence that the invitee will certainly pay through recognition. They have no positions of information of different suites and installations found in the constitution. 2. Current State of the Technology The emerging demand of high quality based engineering is a must in different industries including the tourer attractive force topographic point such as hotels. In the instance of Grand Astoria Hotel. the enlargement of client range is low because they are non provided with a web site that connects to other possible clients internationally. The current province of their engineering when reserving are as follows: 1. ask inside informations cheque in and look into out clip ; 2. information about the invitee ; 3. choose what sort of room ; 4. cheque if it is available ; 5. if the room is unavailable. cheque for other suites that is available ; 6. modesty and corroborate the reserve to busy. 3. General Problem The chief job of this survey is the inaccurate reserve of the client. 1. Specific Problem 1. Low in security 2. Less informations unity 3. Time monitoring 4. Trouble in seeking and recovering files 5. Possible loss of records and recovering files 6. Trouble in happening the handiness of suites and installations 7. Lack of Generating Reports 4. General Aims The survey aims to work out the job that the hotel meeting and to alter their manner of reserve in their system. 1. Specific Aims 1. To increase security between direction and staff 2. Highly integrate informations 3. To decrease clip consume 4. To pass less clip in seeking and recovering of files 5. To make a backup files in every successful dealing 6. To go easier to happen the handiness of suites and installations. 7. Supply bring forthing studies 5. Scope and Restrictions The range of the survey merely covers the dealing of reserve of suites and installations that can hotel give to the client. Hotel Reservation System is to the full scalable and designed to supply extended flexibleness and varied picks. Typical hotel reserve and ecommerce hotel system package reserve solutions presently in topographic point and available today are technically designed to accomplish merely one nonsubjective map. which is to link purchaser to seller. Chapter 2 THEORETRICAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Introduction The advocates proposed a hotel reserve web site with which is the Grand Astoria Hotel Reservation Website with standalone system is easier to utilize and a secured database to cut down informations redundancy. 2. 2 Database The advocates used a database that serves as a aggregation of organized information of the reserve inside informations that can easy be accessed. managed. and updated with the use of MySql relational database direction system. .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .postImageUrl , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:hover , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:visited , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:active { border:0!important; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:active , .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3 .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub17d027b0e865163884abc7d3b7c61b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Patient Advocacy : An Advocate For Patients Essay2. 3 Normalization Theory The standardization theory provided a great advantage to the advocates due to its procedure of forming the Fieldss and tabular arraies of relational database to minimise redundancy and dependence that normally involves spliting big tabular arraies into smaller tabular arraies and specifying relationships between them. The advocates normalise the database from the First Normal Form to Boyce Codd Normal Form. First Normal Form ( 1NF ) The columns in our tabular array are already in its atomic value and there was no duplicating of columns with associated informations. Second Normal Form ( 2NF ) Third Normal Form ( 3NF ) Boyce Codd Normal Form ( BCNF or 3. 5 NF ) Chapter 3 GRAND ASTORIA HOTEL RESERVATION WEBSITE 3. 1 Introduction This chapter presents the research design. research puting. research instrumentality. informations assemblage processs. system design specification and package and hardware demands. 3. 2 Research Method The descriptive method of research was used in this survey. This method has been employed in this survey wherein the research workers gathered information about the present status and proposed a manner to heighten if non extinguish the conditions that affects the public presentation of the present bing manner on how the reserve being done. 3. 2. 1 Research Design The descriptive research is besides called statistical research. The chief end of this type of research is to depict the informations and features about what is being studied. 3. 2. 2 Research Puting This survey has been developed for GRAND ASTORIA HOTEL which started during the 1st semester of the school twelvemonth 2012-2013. The advocates developed this system and it will take topographic point at the forepart desk forces. 3. 2. 3 Research Instrument The research instruments used in garnering informations from the respondents are researcher – made interview questionnaires. The research workers made questionnaire sing the procedure. dealing and studies with in their section. The research workers proposed system which includes the user’s studies and ability to recover informations from the database. 3. 2. 4 Data Gathering Procedures The research workers conduct interview techniques and do usage of the system. The research workers conduct one on one interview to the director and put interview inquiries to him. 3. 2. 5 System Design Specification The advocates will utilize a consecutive design procedure. in which advancement is seen as fluxing steadily downward through the stages of Planning. Analysis. Design. Coding. Testing besides known as the waterfall theoretical account. As shown in the diagram below: Planing Phase- the advocates discourse what system to build. schedule the interviewee of mark respondents. gather information to the respondent and assign undertaking to each advocates sing the paperss. Analysis Phase- the advocates inspect or examine the flow of the system to implement. stipulate aims. general jobs. place its range and restriction and normalise the database. Design Phase- the advocates verified the version of the graphical representations of the architectural design in which this stage relies on the old two phases for its proper execution. Coding Phase-the advocates ensures that the existent cryptography of the package is carried out. A proper executing of the old phases ensures a smooth and easier execution of this phase. Testing Phase-the advocates will prove the system after holding verified the old three phases. 3. 2. 6 Software Requirements The package demands will include Windows. Apache. MySql. Php- waiter. Dreamweaver CS3. Windows 7 Ultimate or Windows XP. 3. 2. 7 Hardware Requirements The hardware demands will include a Computer that has a Pentium to Core iSeries. 1GB ( 32 Bit ) RAM or 2GB ( 64 Bit ) RAM. 4GB of available Hard Disk infinite. DirectX 9 capable picture card running at 1024?786 or higher-resolution show.

Social Inequality A Social Condition Example For Students

Social Inequality : A Social Condition MS13 is the largely growing gang who seeks power mostly through the drug trafficking privileges. Power is also granted by â€Å"owning† certain territory around the city, and claiming the area as your own. Once the area is claimed, they strictly force all business to give them somewhat of a profit for having money come in on their territory. This gang recruits all of their members who volunteer and by the completion of their jobs given to them. The MS13 will go to local playgrounds to pick up children around the age of 9 to join the gang. Why at a young age? This is around the age where they are learning the most about adulthood, and the places they recruit from are the ones who need the guidance. These children they find are already troubled and become part of the gang for companionship, to be noticed, or because they simply don’t have anything to loose. Whatever you were raised without, you will get out of MS13 they say. The reason why social inequality falls within t his scenario is because of the age of the newcomers. They won’t send a 9 year old on their first day to do the deadliest and kill the meanest. You have to earn your position into the MS13, meaning some hold bigger titles than others because of how long they have been in the gang. Those who hold big titles have the big responsibilities and are given the complex or risky jobs. One day these children will take power for their elders who are weak and do the biggest jobs for themselves. They play their cards right by letting children in at a young age because they sign their life over without fully understanding the consequences. You are in the gang for life. //301// b. Manifest Functions/pg.81: The intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions. Basically I look at this term as a cause and effect analogy. Because one of the members, a female, has gotten pregnant; she no longer wanted to be part of the gang life so she surrendered. When she surrendered she was put under protection by the government and paid but that wasn’t enough. She had released all the information of what symbols mean, how you get into the gang, the myth of an ultimate ruler, and why they are doing this. Because of her actions, she was murdered with her child by her friends. She knew this game was for life when she started, there is never a way out unless its death, jail, or to the hospital. Even while being placed under protection, she managed to use the money she was given to party. She thought by turning the gang in, she would receive the money to party with her friends. She didn’t realize her friends were so into the gang that they picked it over her. I think she saw what she had coming, â€Å"join us or die.† Manifest functions al so play a role in recruiting individuals. The leaders are putting in the minds of the young statistics. To tell someone about the gang, you have to tell them all of the statistics known by society. When recruiting, the say â€Å"join us or die†, and I think they are delivering the message that this is a worldwide gang. There are over 10,000 foot soldiers in the United States, in 33 states, and in six countries of the world. Whether they succeed or not, the goal is to exceed world power. So the question is left, would you like to join them or die? MS13 has higher, unidentified power. They have power everywhere, we just don’t know where it is. So if and when they revolt, would you like to be safe? The viewpoint on a member is that MS13 is the safe haven, not the rest of the world. //331// Crime and Social Inequality Essaye. Master status/pg.98: A status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies.The gang of MS13 has taken their master status as illegal immigrants who don’t deserve a place in this world, to the one who is controlling and choose where they want to sit. Because these gang members are foreign, they took the racial discrimination many have and turned it into fear. They took the little power they could maintain and turned it into an army against our well beings. By changing their master status, they made it possible to control basically any territory they desire or want to own. This is very interesting in history, because they are taking racism and turning it into power. When Martin Luther King asked for equality, he did it through the power of speech and determination. The hierarchy of MS13 doesn’t want equality, but rather power. In El Salvador, the majority of the prisoners are members of MS13 if not all, making that a goal. By populating all areas with these members, they are about to reach control just about anywhere. By reaching this much control, they have a bigger picture in mind that members only see. To get recruitments, they fill the thoughts of victims as cowardess without them. With our aging country, we have successful been able to maintain racism rights, and the MS13 is basically trying to overrule them. The master status of an illegal immigrant has changed the way we view them. If MS13 gets all of the power to control the boarder, they will have the initial status to make every illegal citizen in this country to be a crimed MS member. If situations like this happen, the United States master status will be affected as well. This crisis of the MS13 having too much power is serious, because even locked up they still manage to get a step ahead. //300// f. Social Institution/pg.100: The organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs. Social institution plays a role in MS13’s future. Although they yet have effected religion, education, science, and military; they have affected the law, religion, economics, and our family life. The goal of this gang is to eventually reach all aspects and control as much as they can. By labeling what is theirs, they can continue to advance their forces. They have effected law by being the biggest drug trafficking agency, effected religion by rerouting children into thinking there is nothing but evil (being shown in their symbol as devil horns), our economics by charging current stabilized businesses a fee to stay in business, and family life making MS13 their main priority. We can’t meet our basic needs because MS13 is a roadblock to that goal. Society won’t meet its basic needs if the social institution is targeted. Once it is changed, society is no longer organized in the standard way we presumed it to be. The way gangs organize their society is by scattering important people in specific places to alter our society. When two societies intertwine, basic needs are claimed and distributed however the higher power chooses. The goal of MS13 is to occupy the needs of small societies throughout many cities to largely effect the way our resources are presented to us. They will eventually ration our basic needs if they are not stopped soon. By doing this, they can control just about anything. With power of the streets and a few prisons, MS13 believes they cannot be stopped, only gain more power with the illegal immigrants coming into the border. A higher power of MS13 wants to control basic needs as well as any, not wanting to stop until its army is fully built with hate. â€Å"Rooster† is said to be consulting many more people to build his army of ants. //304//

Types of Informative Essay Examples

Types of Informative Essay ExamplesInformative essay samples are easy to find in a wide variety of topics. An informative essay typically entails facts and statistics, and relates the information to the reader, while trying to add relevant information as well. There are many categories that fall under this broad category of essays, from fact to fiction, the origin of something to its benefits.Informative essays provide an overview of some specific idea or concept, whether factual or not. Examples of topics that are typically included in informational essays include politics, government, the arts, philosophy, and even science. One of the things that make informative essays so popular is the fact that they are usually very interesting. In addition, such writings allow for multiple views on a topic.Essays are normally written by either an individual or by a professional. In addition, a great deal of the time, both professional and amateur writers are allowed to publish their work. As a result, there are many sources available for informative essays.The biggest advantage of essays is that they have no prerequisites. They are not only good for college courses but can also be used for a variety of other purposes as well. For example, an essay may be used as an outline for a presentation, or it may be used to organize material for school projects.Some companies, such as Pearson, provide high quality resources for informational essays. While the company provides high quality samples for teachers, they also provide both freelance and professional writers with several samples for a variety of topics. These can be used as a starting point, as well as being made available for professional writers.Many companies offer additional assistance for online and instructional articles as well. They offer instructional articles, which can be used in both online and offline materials. On the internet, a variety of informational articles are offered by companies like Google, Yahoo, Mi crosoft, AOL, and many others.Informative essays can be used in a variety of areas. Essays can be used for school assignments, or to be submitted to an editorial board. Essays can also be used for personal use, such as a synopsis of the history of a website, for example.Informative essays are very common. They are typically written for a variety of reasons and have a variety of uses. Essays on a variety of topics are available, and professionals and amateurs alike can use them. As a result, a great deal of expertise is required to write an informative essay, as well as a certain amount of knowledge and creativity.

Evidence Course Essay Example

Evidence Course Essay Derechos reservados de autor El origen y conceptos basicos de Evidencia El termino Evidencia proviene del latin indictum, que significa aparente y probable de que existe alguna cosa y a su vez es sinonimo de senal, muestra o indicacion. Por lo tanto, es todo material sensible significativo que se percibe con los sentidos y que tienen relacion con un hecho delictivo. En terminos legales significa, una certeza clara y manifiesta tan perceptible de un hecho que nadie puede racionalmente dudar de ella. Se diferencia del termino Prueba, porque el significado de prueba, es el resultado de la evidencia cuando ya ha sido admitida en el foro judicial. En castellano se dice que es toda razon, argumento, instrumento u otro medio con que se pretende mostrar y hacer patente la verdad o falsedad de algo. El Tribunal Supremo de P. R. resolvio y definio el termino Prueba suficiente en derecho en el caso 117 D. P. R. 283 Pueblo V. S Ismael Rivera Rivera (1986) el Tribunal sostuvo que es la prueba que produce certeza o conviccion moral en una conciencia de preocupacion o en un animo no prevenido por parte del juzgador de los hechos en controversia. We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence Course specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence Course specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence Course specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Desarrollo de las Reglas de Evidencia en Puerto Rico En Puerto Rico segun Resumil (2000) la jurisprudencia e interpretacion de las Reglas de Evidencia se consideran fuentes del Derecho Procesal Penal y establecen la forma en que el proceso habra de llevarse a cabo reglamentando las etapas y la forma y manera en que los funcionarios del estado han de presentar la evidencia en contra de las personas imputadas de hechos delictivos. Ademas, la Constitucion de Puerto Rico posee el poder de reglamentar los procedimientos judiciales. Sobre este particular el articulo V seccion 6 establece que el Tribunal Supremo adoptara, para los tribunales, las reglas de evidencia, procedimiento civil y criminal que no menoscaben, amplien o modifiquen derechos sustantivos de las partes. Las Reglas asi adoptadas se remitiran a la Asamblea Legislativa al comienzo de su proxima sesion ordinaria y regiran sesenta dias despues de la terminacion de dicha esion, salvo desaprobacion por la Asamblea Legislativa, la cual tendra facultad, tanto en dicha sesion como posteriormente para enmendar, derogar o completar cualquiera de dichas reglas, mediante ley especifica a tal efecto. Disposiciones Generales Aplicabilidad de las Reglas en los Tribunales Las Reglas de Evidencia de P. R. de la Ley de Evidencia de P. R. antes del ano 1979, posteriormente en ese mismo tiempo en octubre de 1979 surgen unas nuevas reglas sufriendo enmiendas hasta el a no 2010 donde reaparece una transformacion y se adoptan nuevos cambios que van a tono con los adelantos tecnologicos y el desarrollo social moderno. Las regla 101 (A) 1, y (A) (2) establecen que estas reglas se aplican a todos los casos civiles y criminales en las salas del Tribunal de Primera Instancia, ante un Tribunal de Apelaciones y ante el propio Tribunal Supremo, con arreglo a los limites establecidos en sus respectivos reglamentos. La Regla 103 (B) establece ademas que estas reglas no aplican en casos de desacato sumario. Bajo las reglas de evidencia de 1979, en los casos administrativos no era obligatorio su aplicacion, pero el Tribunal Supremo ordeno su aplicacion de manera flexible en caso de aplicarlas, es decir si usa su discrecion al utilizarlas el oficial examinador garantizara el derecho a todos por igual. Continuacion de aplicabilidad La regla 103 (B) postula que en todas las acciones de indole civil y criminal (penal) asi como en todas las etapas de estos procesos se deben aplicar y respetar lo concerniente a los privilegios de los testigos y lo relativo al medio de prueba conocido como conocimiento judicial. En palabras entendibles los jueces deben de aplicar estas reglas bajo el examen de informacion que puede ser considerada privilegiada o sea que si se demuestra que es una informacion privilegiada el juez no puede obligar a ese testigo a que tenga que revelar tal informacion. Ejemplo conversaciones entre abogado cliente, medico paciente, negocios, secretos profesionales, trabajador social y cliente y todas aquellas senaladas en estas reglas. Igualmente ocurre en la aplicacion de introducir el conocimiento judicial como medio de prueba, el juez debe admitirla aplicando estas reglas si es legalmente aceptable. Aplicabilidad en otros procedimientos criminales La regla 103 (D) (2) (a) expresamente excluye y descarta la aplicacion de estas reglas de evidencia en la regla 23 de Procedimiento criminal conocida como la Vista Preliminar. Debemos recordar que este es un proceso de presentacion de una mera cintila de prueba de parte de la fiscalia es decir el fiscal no tiene que traer toda la prueba que tenga para probar el caso mas alla de toda duda razonable, tampoco se trata de un minijuicio. El caso de Opio V. S. Opio (1975) 104 D. P. R. 165 en su opinion el Tribunal Supremo afirmo que los procesos judiciales incluyendo la vista preliminar no son competencias en las cuales ha de prevalecer el mas listo si no que mas bien la meta final de todo proceso judicial es que siempre se haga justicia y que nosotros los seres humanos somos capaces de lograrlo fundamentando esta aseveracion en el esclarecimiento de la verdad. Aplicacion de las reglas en casos administrativos Ampliando un poco mas acerca de la aplicacion de las reglas en casos administrativos especificamente en cuanto a la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo Uniforme, la seccion (3. 13) adopto las normas jurisprudenciales resueltas por el Tribunal Supremo de P. R. y dispuso que, en las vistas administrativas adjudicativas formales las reglas de evidencia no serian aplicables, pero los principios fundamentales de evidencia si podrian ser utilizados. Todos los privilegios de los testigos contenidos en estas reglas si se aplican en los procedimientos administrativos. Es decir un oficial examinador puede tomar conocimiento judicial igual que lo haria un juez del tribunal y tambien puede excluir evidencia que no sea pertinente o que constituya informacion privilegiada como ya reitere anteriormente. El caso de J. R. T. V. S. Autoridad de Comunicaciones, 1981, 110 D. P. R. 879 establecio como norma juridica que estas reglas seran interpretadas mas liberalmente en casos administrativos y mas aun en casos de arbitraje, para facilitar todo aquello que sea pertinente a una controversia. Continuacion de la aplicacion Otro caso Lopez V. S. Policia. 118 D. P. R. 219, reitero en su fundamento juridico que bajo la antigua regla (2) de evidencia hoy dia la regla 103 (E) se explica que las reglas aplican en procedimientos establecidos por leyes especiales, salvo que expresamente se disponga lo contrario o sean incompatibles con la naturaleza del procedimiento especial contemplado en la ley. Por tanto, en los procedimientos administrativos regidos por la ley la norma juridica es la no aplicacion automatica de las reglas de evidencia, desde luego queda a discrecion del oficial examinador que presida la vista administrativa aplicar aquellas reglas que no sean incompatibles con la flexibilidad de los procedimientos administrativos. En arroz y habichuela de aplicar cualquier otra regla no flexible que esten dentro de las discutidas antes o sea conocimiento judicial o privilegio de los testigos debe entonces darle oportunidad igual a las partes envueltas en la controversia, su aplicacion seria de forma justa e imparcial para ambas partes. Continuacion de la aplicabilidad La regla 103 (D) establece que tampoco aplican en los siguientes casos o situaciones: 1. Las determinaciones preliminares a la admisibilidad de prueba, de conformidad con la regla 109 (A) 2. Los procedimientos interlocutorios o post sentencia entre otros: a. Causas para arresto o acusar, vista preliminar, para expedir ordenes de registros y allanamientos. b. Fases de sentencias en procesos penales. c. Imposicion de fianzas o condiciones en procedimientos criminales. d. Vistas de revocacion de libertad a prueba o condicionada. e. Entredichos provisionales o Interdictos preliminares y los procedimientos ex parte en ninguno de los procedimientos o etapas procesales en los Tribunales de Puerto Rico son de aplicabilidad estas reglas de evidencia segun lo establece el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico en sus interpretaciones judiciales. Los medios de prueba bajo la antigua ley de Evidencia †¢ Conocimiento judicial †¢ Evidencia testifical †¢ Evidencia documental †¢ Evidencia real, cientifica o demostrativa †¢ Las pruebas de referencia que on admisibles como excepciones a la regla de no admisibilidad †¢ Confesiones Regla 109 ( C) se examina si fue voluntaria †¢ Testimonios en peligro de muerte ( requiere corroboracion para ser valida) †¢ Testimonios de testigos no disponibles por muerte o enfermedad cuando hayan sido contrainterrogados previamente y cumplen con la admisibilidad del testimonio bajo el examen de la regla 109 el juez determina si se puede usar esa declaracion jurad a en ausencia del testigo que no esta presente y declaro antes. Las reglas apelativas y los efectos de errores en procesos apelativos Una cosa que muchos abogados aun no tienen claro es que un juez puede equivocarse al admitir una evidencia o al rechazarla, y aun asi, no se revocara la sentencia en apelacion. El caso de Colon V. S. K-mart, 154 D. P. R. 510 (2001) implanto la norma juridica que un tribunal de apelacion solamente intervendra con las determinaciones de hechos y de creedibilidad del tribunal de instancia es decir el tribunal inferior de donde proviene la apelacion cuando las determinaciones sean claramente erroneas o atenten contra una politica publica disenada en un estatuto. Esto significa que los tribunales apelativos no cambian las decisiones de los tribunales inferiores lo que significa es que ellos examinan si existe algun error en derecho que pueda ser sub sanado obviamente de existir algun derecho esto cambiara el curso de esa decision entre los que estan una revocacion, confirmacion o modificacion del caso que esta bajo revision. Examen de las reglas 104, 105 (y) 106 de evidencia Las reglas 104, 105 (y) 106 examinadas conjuntamente, disponen que cuando un juez por error, admita durante el juicio una evidencia o una pregunta que no debio admitir o la rechace cuando debio admitirla, ese error, por si solo, no ocasionaria que el tribunal apelativo revocara la sentencia en ese juicio. Para que pudiera revocarla, se necesitarian (2) dos requisitos. (1). Que el abogado contrario hubiese objetado a tiempo y por el fundamento legal correcto en derecho, lo establece y ordena la regla 104 (A). En el caso resuelto por el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico Pueblo V. S. Rivero, 121 D. P. R. 454, se implanto y reitero la norma juridica que establece si un abogado no puede solicitar en el proceso apelativo la revocacion de un error cometido por un Juez sin antes haber hecho esa objeccion antes de que el caso suba al tribunal apelativo y no puede entonces esperar que llegue al apelativo para entonces solicitar la revocacion de esa admision erronea de evidencia. En idioma espanol el Supremo sostiene que renuncia a la objeccion que tenia que haber hecho antes de subir el caso Continuacion del analisis de la regla 104 (A) Fundamento de la objeccion La regla 104 (A) aclara que si el fundamento de la objecion surge claramente del contexto del ofrecimiento de la evidencia, no sera necesario aludir a tal fundamento. Para entender lo ilustrado esto lo explica el caso resuelto en Pueblo V. S. Chevere, 139 D. P. R. 1 (1995) una psicologa opino que una testigo estaba diciendo la verdad la defensa no objeto su opinion. En este caso no hubo objecion por el abogado pero debio haber objetado. El caso de Pueblo V. S. Canino 134 D. P. R. 796 (1993) habia establecido previamente que lo que una psicologa diga no era admisible porque un perito no puede determinar sobre si un testigo esta diciendo la verdad o no. Esa funcion corresponde al juez . Por lo que ese abogado debio haber objetado en ese momento la opinion de la psicologa y no esperar a plantearlo en la apelacion ya que el alego que el caso de Canino todavia no se habia resuelto y el alego no saber nada. El Supremo le dijo que eso no era una excusa para no poder objetarlo debio hacerlo aunque hubiese sido la primera vez Otro requisito esencial para la revocacion de la decision o sentencia La regla 105 (A) (2) establece ademas que esa evidencia especifica que se objeta de parte del abogado haya sido un factor decisivo o sustancial en la sentencia que se dicto. Los casos del Supremo Pueblo V. S. Rodriguez 146 D. P. R. 860 (1998) y Pueblo V. S. Rivera Nazario, 141 D. P. R. 65 (1996) aclararon que si fue una tonteria, o era prueba acumulativa, o no hubiera variado el resultado final del caso no se revocara la sentencia en estos casos citados la admision de unas fotografias por error no se consideraban errores sustanciales. Es decir si ese error no es sustancialmente parte de la decision del caso y en nada afecta la decision los tribunales apelativos no apreciaran esa evidencia como parte del proceso de una revocacion de esa decision o sentencia del caso que ha sido objeto de revision en ese tribunal de apelaciones. Errores extraordinarios (fracasos de la justicia) que conllevan revocacion automatica La manera mas sencilla y clara de entender que aunque los abogados que postulan ante un tribunal no hayan podido objetar oportunamente y por el fundamento legal adecuado y/o en otros casos segun la regla 104 (B) haciendo un ofrecimiento de la prueba que en castellano y en arroz y habichuela significa que que el abogado que postula le pueda indicar al tribunal (Juez) la naturaleza, pertinencia y proposito de esa evidencia que quiere introducir como parte del proceso y el mismo Juez que ve la vista no le permite presentar, nada de lo antes dispuesto impedira que un Tribunal Apelativo pueda considerar errores crasos y perjudiciales de admision o exclusion de evidencia cuando sea un fracaso de la justicia. En el argot pueblerino se le ve la costura de que ese juez abuso de su poder discresionalmente como Juez. Como por ejemplo validar un arresto ilegal como uno valido. El caso de Pueblo V. S. Rivera Nazario 141 D. P. R. 865 (1996) aclaro que aun cuando no se cumpla con las objeciones y o frecimientos de prueba como parte de las exigencias para acudir en apelacion y se incurrio en un error extraordinario es revisable en apelacion ese caso y podria revocarse su decision. Continuacion de errores extraordinarios (revocacion) En cuanto a los errores acumulativos el caso de Pueblo V. S. Echevarria, 128 D. P. R. 299 (1991) resolvio que tambien se puede revocar una decision cuando un error no extraordinario por si solo, no ocasionara la revocacion, pero el efecto acumulativo de varios de estos errores fueran sustanciales sobre esta excepcion. Para entenderlo significa que por muchos errores que tengan sustancia y que se vayan acumulando, los tribunales apelativos pueden tambien revisar los casos y hasta revocarlos por ser un fracaso de la justicia aun cuando el abogado litigante no haya cumplido con su funcion de objetar la prueba en controversia, no obstante bajo esta situacion se considera este metodo como una excepcion a estas reglas de evidencia. Lo importante es que esos alegados errores que se acumulan sean sustanciales para poder cambiar la apreciacion de la prueba Situaciones donde los fiscales deben plantean que no son errores sustanciales Cuando los fiscales ofrecen evidencias que supuestamente afecten los derechos del acusado se deben guiar por la norma establecida en los casos Pueblo V. S. Lopez 118 D. P. R. 515, Pueblo V. S. Ruiz Bostch, 127 D. P. R. 762 (1991) aclaro el Supremo que el fiscal tiene la obligacion de probar ante el tribunal apelativo que el error no fue perjudicial para el acusado y lo tiene que probar de tal forma que el tribunal apelativo quede convencido mas alla de duda razonable. Tambien se resuelve en el ultimo caso aqui citado que no siempre se revocara la sentencia condenatoria aun cuando en este caso se planteo que se obtuvo una confesion del acusado sin que el fiscal le hubiese hecho las advertencias legales antes de comenzar su confesion como parte de la investigacion del caso. En este caso lo que sucedio fue que el abogado defensor no objeto la confesion hecha sin que el fiscal le hiciera las advertencias o sea el abogado se durmio en la zona de los (3) segundos y no objeto a tiempo y por el fundamento legal correcto, Admisibilidad limitada La regla 107 postula que se puede ofrecer una pieza de evidencia o hacer una pregunta a un testigo que seria admisible para un proposito e inadmisible para otro. En el caso de juicio por derecho donde el juez decide el caso entonces el abogado le pedira al juez que le aclare cual es la parte que sera admisible o inadmisible y para que proposito. En juicios por jurado el juez instruira al jurado que esta admitiendo la pregunta o la evidencia para un proposito limitada nada mas. En forma entendible un emplo es cuando se presenta una declaracion jurada de una persona el Juez puede aceptarla con el proposito de establecer y conocer que esa persona sabia firmar aunque el mismo juez no haya aceptado el contenido de esa declaracion por no ser valida en derecho. Lo que se quiere conocer es si sabia firmar o no. No se quiere saber el contenido de la misma. Regla de la totalidad de la evidencia La regla 108 nos dice que cuando parte de una declaracion es ofrecida en evidencia, el abogado de la otra parte puede ofrecer el resto del escrito o cualquier escrito que le complemente. El proposito de esta regla de la totalidad es que el juzgador tenga la evidencia dentro de su contexto para que pueda comprenderla mejor lo que se pretende demostrar al tribunal. Ejemplo (X) presenta una carta donde admite haberle tomado dinero prestado a (Y). La parte contraria puede presentar tambien la segunda carta donde decia que (Y) le habia pagado a (X) la mitad del dinero. En el caso normativo Pueblo V. S. Echevarria, 128 D. P. R. 229 (1991), el Tribunal Supremo interpreto esta regla y dictamino que la regla 108 no significa que si un abogado o fiscal presenta tan solo una de las paginas no serian admisibles en evidencia. Lo que significa es que la parte adversa no tendra que esperar su turno para pedir que el tribunal admita la totalidad del expediente en el turno en que estan presentando esas paginas. Se puede hacer todo en ese momento. Las determinaciones preliminares a la admisibilidad Regla (109) La regla 109 tiene el proposito de disponer la funcion del Juez y su responsabilidad para determinar las siguientes cosas: (1). Admitir cualquier evidencia. (2) Declarar que un testigo tiene la capacidad, es decir esta capacitado para ser testigo. (3). Si alguien puede reclamar un privilegio. En ese caso el Juez puede oir prueba, o escuchar brevemente los argumentos de los abogados, o excusar al jurado de la sala, o celebrar una vista informal. Tenemos que recordar (2) dos cosas que se hacen en esta etapa, (1). Al hacer estas determinaciones preliminares el Juez no tiene que seguir las reglas de evidencia, excepto las de los privilegios segun lo establece la regla 109 (A). En los juicios por jurado, el jurado nunca admite evidencias solo para juicio en asuntos del peso de la creedibilidad. Solamente es funcion del Juez admitir o rechazar las evidencias a ser utilizadas por los litigantes en la etapa del juicio en casos por jurado los miembros del jurado deben salir fuera de la sala hasta tanto el Juez resuelva la admision de las evidencias. Juicios por jurado En el caso de Pueblo V. S. Torres, 126 D. P. R. 724, el Tribunal Supremo sostiene que cuando la vista informal previa tiene el proposito de determinar si un testigo es o no competente para declarar, tan solo debe celebrarse en juicios donde hay jurado. Se excusa temporalmente al jurado. En los casos por tribunal de derecho, el tribunal puede oir al testigo y apreciar si esta capacitado para declarar, dependiendo de la forma en que declare. Otra funcion del Juez en esta etapa es examinar si una identificacion de un sospechoso fue confiable es decir dentro de los parametros legales. Ademas determinar si la confesion fue voluntaria o fue coaccionada por funcionarios del estado. Tambien si se debe permitir al fiscal repreguntar al acusado que esta declarando sobre si ha sido convicto previamente por mentir o si una prueba de referencia es admisible esta norma se reitero en el caso de Pueblo V. S. Martinez, 126 D. P. R. 561. Integracion de la regla 109 de evidencia y la supresion de evidencia en procedimiento criminal Cuando se presenta una supresion de evidencia bajo la regla 234 de P. C. n la regla 109 de evidencia uno de los fundamentos para solicitarla es que lo afirmado bajo juramento en la declaracion prestada por el agente que obtuvo la orden de allanamiento era falso total o parcialmente. En cuanto a esta aseveracion en el caso de Pueblo V. S. Maldonado 135 D. P. R. 563 (1994), se planteo si era o no obligatorio que el Juez celebrara una vista evidenciaria cuando se radica esta mocion de supresion de evidencia. En este caso el Tribunal Supremo resolvio que el que presenta la mocion de supresion de evidencia viene obligado a alegar en la misma los hechos o razones especificas en que apoya su reclamacion. Por tanto, si cumple con este requisito, el tribunal viene obligado a celebrar una vista evidenciaria y adjudicar los hechos en disputa. Si la mocion no cumple con el requisito, o si no hay hechos en disputa, el tribunal puede resolver la mocion sin celebrar una vista. Esta ultima aseveracion surge de la ultima enmienda a la regla 234 de P. C. Ley Num 44 de 2007. Pertinencia de la evidencia ofrecida Cuando tenga que celebrarse una vista debe hacerse antes del juicio, para lograr la economia procesal. La regla 109 (B) por su parte dispone que cuando para determinar si es o no pertinente una evidencia ofrecida, se haga necesario que se satisfaga una condicion de hecho, el tribunal admitira la evidencia al presentarse evidencia suficiente para sostener la conclusion de que la condicion ha sido satisfecha. El tribunal puede tambien admitir evidencia, sujeto a que posteriormente se presente evidencia suficiente para sostener la conclusion de que la condicion ha sido satisfecha. Ejemplo de esto es cuando se presenta el resultado de una prueba de alcohol para satisfacer la condicion de que la prueba fue valida el fiscal debe mostrar al Juez que fue autenticada y que fue confiable si no se satisface esa condicion puede ser descartada por el tribunal. En el caso Pueblo V. S. Nazario 138 D. P. R. 760 (1995), el Supremo, expreso que se trataba de un caso de pertinencia condicionada, bajo la regla antigua 9 (B) ahora 109 (B). Por tanto, no cometio error el juez al admitir la evidencia con la instruccion al jurado sobre lo que dice esta regla. Corresponde entonces al jurado aquilatar el valor probatorio de la prueba de alcohol, o descartarla, luego que escuche toda la evidencia de la defensa para impugnar la autenticidad de dicha prueba de alcohol. Las confesiones voluntarias El caso que mejor explica este proceso es Pueblo V. S, Rivera Nazario, 141 D. P. R, 865 (1996) el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico aclaro en el mismo que en los casos por jurado, la regla 109 (C) que examina el procedimiento para ver si una confesion fue valida o no es decir voluntaria o coaccionada por los funcionarios de estado se tiene que pasar prueba en (2) ocasiones por los abogados litigantes en la determinacion preliminar. Primero ante el Juez, y si este la admite, se pasara ante el jurado para que el jurado resuelva sobre el peso de la creedibilidad de la confesion. Un dato mportante que no debemos olvidar nunca y que hemos examido en el curso de procedimiento criminal es que estas confesiones deben ser objeto de corroboracion siempre por part e de los investigadores, este proceso le da mas peso y credibilidad a la prueba que la fiscalia va a utilizar en contra del declarante. Esto evitara que otras personas se echen culpas que pueden ser por proteger a otras personas. El derecho del acusado que declara en la determinacion preliminar La regla 109 (D) establece que si el acusado declara en esta etapa, el fiscal no puede contrainterrogar sobre otros aspectos del caso. En espanol boricua el acusado se le esta preguntando si lo obligaron a confesar o si fue voluntariamente, el fiscal no puede preguntarle otras cosas de como lo asesino etc. La regla 109 (D) no prohibe a las partes que una vez que el juez ha determinado que una prueba es admisible o un testigo puede declarar porque esta apto, la otra parte litigante pueda presentar en el juicio evidencia pertinente para impugnar el valor probatorio o credibilidad de esa evidencia. Ejemplo de esta situacion es que si el Juez resolviera en la determinacion preliminar que una prueba de referencia es admisible, ello no le impide al otro abogado que pueda contradecir esa prueba de referencia admitida para restarle credibilidad, es decir impugnarla ante ese tribunal que esta litigando esa prueba. Continuacion de la regla 109 (D) de evidencia Jurisprudencia aplicable En cuanto a evidencias admisibles o peritos cualificados como testigos que pueden emitir opiniones ( Expert Opinion Evidence Witnesses) bajo la citada regla de evidencia el mejor caso que explica esta situacion que no puede pasar por alto es el de Pueblo V. S. Bianchi, 117 D. P. R. 484. El Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico manifesto que el Juez debe usar esta regla para recibir el testimonio de base (foundation testimony) necesario para determinar, en los casos que se requiera, si se cumplio o no con la cadena de custodia ,evidencia cientifica o demostrativa. Explicado en forma sencilla el hecho de ser admitido como un testigo con unos conocimientos especializados en su area, no impide que el abogado defensor impugne el rocedimiento llevado a cabo en el manejo de la custodia de evidencia, ademas este testimonio del perito al sentar las bases le brinda una mejor oportunidad al Juez que cualifica testigo para poder apreciar cualquier irregularidad en el proceso del manejo y custodia de l a evidencia. Obiamente el abogado contrario debe objetar cualquier irregularidad en el proceso de cualificacion y presentacion de esas evidencias cientificas. Evaluacion y suficiencia de la prueba La regla 110 (A) lo que dice es que los abogados que litigan en un tribunal tienen que presentar el peso de la prueba o de lo contrario resultarian vencidos en sus argumentos si no presentan esa prueba, Un caso que ayuda a entender mejor esta aseveracion es Colon V. S. Loteria de Puerto Rico, 2006 T. S. P. R 65. En forma sencilla explica que un fiscal tiene el peso de la prueba para probar un caso criminal con evidencias mas alla de una duda razonable o de lo contrario el acusado saldria absuelto. El inciso (B) de esta regla manifiesta que tiene primeramente la obligacion de presentar evidencia quien sostiene la afirmativa en la controversia. En Puerto Rico el fiscal presenta primero sus testigos y pruebas ya que son ellos los que afirman que la culpabilidad del imputado es cierta a base de las pruebas que ellos someten al tribunal. Un breve analisis de la regla 110 (C) la explica el Tribunal Supremo en Pueblo V. S. Torrers, 117 D. P. R. 6 (1994), la norma reitera que la ley no requiere certeza matematica para establecer un hecho, pero el Supremo resolvio que solo se exige que llegue al Juez la prueba que produzca conviccion moral en un animo no prevenido. Continuacion del analisis de la regla 110 de evidencia La regla 110 (D) lo que establece es q ue cuando los Jueces tengan ante si una evidencia directa de un testigo si para ellos es creible es decir tiene suficiente garantia de ser confiable los propios jueces pueden establecer ese hecho por considerarla como suficiente. Ejemplo si un testigo dice que (X )fue el que le quito la vida a (Y), y el Juez considera como creible esa declaracion entonces el Juez puede establecer cualquier hecho como verdadero hasta tanto no se demuestra prueba de lo contrario. Los casos que explican mejor este concepto son: Rivera Figueroa V. S. Autoridad de Acueductos, 2009 TSPR 162, Pueblo V. S. Santiago Collazo, 2009, TSPR 101, Ramirez Ferrer V. S. Conagra, 2009 TSPR 55. Una razon es que la evidencia directa por lo general muestra el hecho sin que medie una presuncion o una inferencia a tales efectos, el Juez tiene la capacidad de analizar la prueba mejor. Continuacion de la regla 110 de evidencia La regla 110 (E) lo que significa es que no importa la cantidad o numeros de los testigos que los litigantes presenten en un caso. El Juez o el jurado son los que determinan y deciden a quienes le van a creer, aqui se aplica el argot puertorriqueno no es la cantidad sino la calidad del testimonio a evaluarse. La regla 110 (G) lo que postula es que cuando pareciere que uno de los abogados que litigan su caso, teniendo disponible unas pruebas mas contundentes y firmes que satisfagan los requisitos de buenas pruebas, ofrecen las mas debiles y menos satisfactorias la evidencia que ellos ofrecen debera ser considerada con sospechas. La regla 110 (F) establece que en los casos civiles, la decision del juzgador se hara mediante la preponderancia de la prueba. En casos criminales debe ser mas alla de toda duda razonable. Es decir en casos civiles la prueba es mas liviana para establecer un caso puede ser hasta de un 66% o mas, en casos criminales un 98% o mas por lo que el peso de la prueba es mas contundente. Definicion de duda razonable El caso que explica el concepto de duda razonable es Pueblo V. S. Irizary Irizary, 156 D. P. R. 80 (2002), el Supremo sostuvo que duda razonable no es otra cosa que la insatisfaccion de la conciencia del juzgador con la prueba presentada. Otros casos Pueblo V. S . Santiago Collazo, 2009 TSPR 101, Pueblo V. S. Sanchez, 134 D. P. R. 577 (1993) (y) Pueblo V. S. De Leon, 132 D. P. R. 746 afirmaron que no basta con que el fiscal presente prueba que sea meramente suficiente. Se requiere que la prueba sea suficiente en derecho. Esto significa que la evidencia, ademas debe ser suficiente y tiene que ser satisfactoria. En buen castellano, eso quiere decir lo que reitero la norma juridica de Pueblo V. S. Torres, 137 D. P. R. 56 (1994) que quiere decir que produzca conviccion moral o certeza en un animo no prevenido. Es decir que la prueba se analizo objetivamente y libre de prejuicios. Si los fiscales no prueban su caso mas alla de una duda razonable los casos pueden ser desestimados por crear duda razonable en el juzgador de los hechos que se estan litigando ante ese tribunal. En casos civiles la norma de preponderancia es a base del criterio de probabilidades. Evaluacion de credibilidad por los tribunales apelativos en casos penales En relacion a este analisis (2) casos importantes son Pueblo V. S. Viruet, 2008 TSPR 60 (y) Pueblo V. S. Acevedo, 150 D. P. R. 84 (2000) estos casos reiteraron la norma juridica que establece que en los casos criminales el Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico no intervendria con la valoracion de la prueba que haga el jurado o juez en ausencia de pasion, prejuicio, parcialidad o que exista un error manifiesto. Los Jueces tienen que creerle a los testigos que declaran en un juicio cuando no incurren en constantes contradicciones aunque el abogado contrario no le haya hecho preguntas en otras palabras debe merecerles credito al juzgador. En el caso de Miranda V. S. Mena 109 D. P. R. 473, el Tribunal Supremo aclaro que la unica manera en que los Jueces no den credito al testimonio en estos casos es que: 1. Lo que dijo sea fisicamente imposible, ejemplo que visito la luna en media hora y regreso. 2. Sea totalmente inverosimil, son disparetes que parecen imposibles, ejemplo testigo manifesto que recibio (10) disparos y no sangro. 3. Contradicciones que sean increibles. Continuacion de evaluacion de credibilidad en casos criminales El Tribunal Supremo reitero que bajo las situaciones antes explicadas los Jueces no gozan de su discresion absoluta para no creerle al testigo, razon por la cual se revoco la decision del Tribunal de Primera Instancia en el caso de Miranda V. S. Mena ya citado, ya que no se dieron los criterios de imposibilidad. Otro caso Pueblo V. S. Falcon, 126 D. P. R. 75, resolvio que aun cuando un testigo incurra en contradicciones, el Juez puede creerle. Pero si es el unico testigo del fiscal, e incurre en contradicciones crasas sobre los asuntos esenciales del caso, el Tribunal Supremo puede revocar porque no se establece la culpabilidad mas alla de duda razonable. En el caso de Pueblo V. S. Gonzalez, 138 D. P. R. 91 (1995) se implanto la norma de que si un